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　　Passage 5

　　The American Heart Association and other groups have said for many years that people could reduce the chance of suffering a heart attack by eating less of the foods rich in cholesterol (膽固醇). These include such foods as meats, milk products and eggs. The Heart Association noted a number of studies which show that nations where people eat a lot of high cholesterol foods have a higher number of deaths from heart disease.

　　However, the new report disagrees. It was made by the Food and Nutrition Board of the United States National Academy of Sciences. The new report by a team of 15 scientists said there is no evidence to link cholesterol in food directly to heart disease. It noted seven major studies involving people whose diet was changed to include only foods low in cholesterol. The studies found only a very small reduction in the number of heart attacks and there was no reduction in the number of heart attack deaths.

　　Other studies have shown similar results. They found that a change to low cholesterol foods will have only a minor effect on the amount of cholesterol in a person's blood and only a minor effect on the number of deaths.

　　Medical scientists hope that two huge new studies may settle the cholesterol dispute. The tests are designed to learn if low cholesterol foods or anti-cholesterol drugs, or both, can reduce the amount of the substance in the blood and reduce the chance of a heart attack. The two new studies will be finished in the next year or two.

　　The new Academy of Sciences report also discussed other possible links between food and disease. The scientists, in general, they are deeply concerned about some of the recent advice given about food. They noted that a number of private groups, government agencies and several popular books have advised that people can prevent heart disease, cancer and other sicknesses by changing the kinds of foods they eat. The new report said there is often no good scientific evidence to support such advice. In fact, the scientists said such ideas often produce only false hopes or unnecessary fears.

　　1. According to the passage, people could reduce the chance of suffering heart attack by ____?

　　A. eating less foods with a lot of cholesterol

　　B. eating less of low cholesterol foods

　　C. eating a lot of high cholesterol foods

　　D. eating drugs

　　【答案】B。根據文章第一段所述，少吃含膽固醇的食物可以減少患心臟病的機率。據此，答案不難找到。B項少吃低膽固醇的食物。這是減少患心臟病比較可行的方法。相比較而言，其它說法都和題意相悖。A項少吃含有大量膽固醇的食物。這樣只能增加患高血壓的機率。C項多吃含高膽固醇的食物。這樣患心臟病的機會更大。D項吃藥。吃藥不是解決患心臟病的辦法，也不能減小機率。故本題應選B。

　　2. High cholesterol foods include ____?

　　A. eggs, meats and milk products

　　B. potatoes, green vegetables and tomatoes

　　C. corn, wheat and beef

　　D. sugar, rice and butter

　　【答案】A。高膽固醇的食品包括雞蛋、肉類和牛奶制品。這是一般常識，而且在短文中有明確表達：These include such foods as meats, milk products and eggs. A項選擇正好符合題意，故為正確答案。B項蕃薯、青菜和西紅柿。薯類和蔬菜不含脂肪，不含膽固醇。C項玉米、小麥和牛肉。玉米、小麥含有淀粉，自然沒有膽固醇，牛肉雖然含有少量的膽固醇，但在C項選擇里占有三分之一的份額，故不能歸到膽固醇食品的行列。D項糖、大米和奶油，和C項選擇一樣，也不能歸為含膽固醇食品一類。故本題應選A。

　　3. Some scientists believe that there is no evidence that cholesterol in food is directly linked to ____?

　　A. blood disease

　　B. heart disease

　　C. infectious disease

　　D. mental disorder

　　【答案】B。在文章的第二段中 很容易找到答案：The new report by a team of scientists said there is no evidence to link cholesterol in food directly to heart disease.可以確定選項為B，其他三項在原文找不到依據，故排除。故本題應選B。

　　4. Medical scientists believe that ____?

　　A. tests have been designed to settle the cholesterol dispute

　　B. drugs have been tested to reduce the amount of the substance in blood

　　C. low cholesterol foods or anti-cholesterol drugs or both can reduce the chance of a heart attack

　　D. none of the statements mentioned above is correct

　　【答案】C。解答此題應從文章某些內容推測所包含的觀點和傾向。四個選擇中，C項最符合本題題意。如果選A項，那就成了：醫學科學家們相信，為了解決膽固醇之爭已經定好了試驗。什么試驗，試驗什么內容都模糊不清�？茖W家們所希望的是通過兩項龐大的研究計劃可能會解決膽固醇之爭，而不是通過試驗解決爭論。B項為了減少血液中的物質，對藥物進行了試驗，這種說法欠妥，因為文章中沒有提到進行過藥物試驗，所以不能入選。D項把以上三種選擇都否定了，所以也是錯誤的。故本題應選C。

　　5. Which of the following statements in NOT true?( )

　　A. One can avoid a heart disease by eating less foods with little cholesterol.

　　B. One can avoid a heart disease by taking the doctor's advice to eat low cholesterol foods and anti-cholesterol drugs or both.

　　C. There has been good scientific evidence that cholesterol foods can produce the chance of suffering a heart disease.

　　D. People usually believe that cholesterol foods are directly linked to heart disease.

　　【答案】C。題目要求回答下列幾種說法哪一種說法不對。A項人們少吃帶少量膽固醇的食物可避免患心臟病。文中多次提到并被人們普遍接受，所以是對的。B項聽醫生的忠告，吃低膽固醇的食物，或服用藥物，或兩者兼之就不得心臟病。這一說法普遍為人們所接受，也是對的。C項一直有很好的科學事實證明含膽固醇食物能夠增加患心臟病的機會。這種說法和題意相反，因為文中曾提到：The new report by a team of 15 scientists said there is no evidence to link cholesterol in food directly to heart disease.因而C項為正確答案。D項人們常常認為膽固醇食品常和心臟病有直接聯系。這種說法也是對的，也不能入選。故本題應選C。

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