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　　Passage1

　　Up to 80 percent of the world’s middle classes will live in developing countries by 2030 thanks to surprising recent gains in poverty reduction, according to a United Nation report published on Thursday.

　　“Never in history have the living conditions and prospects of so many people changed so dramatically and so fast,”concludes the UN’s latest Development Report. “The world is witnessing an epochal ‘global rebalancing’.”

　　Underpinning the improvements in the human development index (HDI) was rapid growth in countries such as China, India and Brazil, with China and India having doubled per capita economic output in less than 20 years. But the study stressed that growth and improvements in HDI spread far beyond the four Bric countries of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and included at least 40 countries that had accompanied greater economic dynamism with effective poverty-reduction policies.

　　Afghanistan, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Angola were among 14 countries that have recorded gains in HDI of more than 2 percent a year since 2000. Party as a result, the report found that worldwide extreme income poverty has plunged from 43 percent in 1990 to just 22 percent in 2008, including more than 500m being lifted out of poverty in China alone. The report stated that such gains had already helped the world achieve the main poverty eradication goal of the so-called Millennium Development Goals, which called for the share of people living on less than $1.25 a day to be cut by half from 1990 to 2015.

　　Underpinning this poverty reduction was developing countries’ increasing share of global trade, which grew from 25 percent to 47 percent between 1980 and 2010. “The south as a whole is driving global economic growth and social change for the first time in countries.” says the report.

　　The report found that trade among developing countries was the biggest factor in that expansion, increasing from less than 10 percent of total global trade to more than 30 percent. “Trade between countries in the south will overtake that between developed nations.” the report said.

　　1.Why does the author mention “an epochal ‘global rebalancing’”? ( )

　　A. To explain the recent achievement of poverty reduction

　　B. To conclude that the world has changed so dramatically

　　C. To criticize developed countries

　　D. To predict that things can be better

　　【答案】B。細節題。根據題干關鍵詞“an epochal global rebalancing”定位到原文原文第二段的最后一行，前文作者提到“never in history have ...so many people changed so dramatically and fast，因此是用來解釋這句話的，因此答案選B。A項：“為了闡明最近減貧獲得的成就”，該段前文并沒有談到poverty reduction這一主體詞，與此無關，排除;C項：“為了批評發達國家”，無中生有，原文并沒有指責發達國家的言辭，排除;D項：“為了預測事情會變得更好”，原文并沒有提到“預測”一事，排除;故答案選B。

　　2.The word “underpinning” in the passage refers to ( ).

　　A. blocking

　　B. undergoing

　　C. supporting

　　D. stressing

　　【答案】C。猜詞題。根據題干中的underpin，可定位到原文第三段的首行，根據語境，“( )人類發展指數上升的是……”，C項“support(支撐)”更符合題意，因此答案選C。A項：block作為動詞，意為“阻止、堵塞、限制”;B項：歷經、承受;D項：強調。只有C項符合原文語境，因此答案選C。

　　3.“More than 500m being lifted out of poverty in China alone” illustrates ( ).

　　A. the economic development of China is important

　　B. the role of some developing countries is significant for poverty reduction

　　C. 14 countries are developing faster than China

　　it is crucial to make a clear goal first

　　【答案】B。細節題。根據題干“500m”定位到原文第四段的第三行，題干問的是這句話“主要用來論證……”，前文主要談的是一些發展中國家對世界脫貧做出的貢獻，因此答案選B。A項：“中國經濟的發展非常重要”，原文列舉中國只是為了論證前面的觀點，此處“中國”只是個例子，并非真的談論“中國很重要”，排除;C項：“14國發展得比中國快”，無中生有，排除;D項：首先定好一個清晰的目標非常重要”，無中生有，排除;故答案選B。

　　4.All of the following are factors for poverty reduction except ( ).

　　A. greater economic dynamism

　　B. aid from developed countries

　　C. changes of developing countries

　　D. trade among developing

　　【答案】B。是非題。B項“來自發達國家的援助”，原文并沒有提到，ACD在原文中都出現過。A項可對應原文第三段的倒數第二行included at least 40 countries that had accompanied greater economic dynamism with effective poverty-reduction policies;C項可對應到原文第五段的首句;D項可對應到原文的最后一段;只有B項沒有提到，因此答案選B。

　　5.The passage mainly ( )

　　A. discuss why developing countries are playing major role

　　B. illustrate a theory for poverty reduction

　　C. explain reasons behind a report

　　D. interpret the role of trade for developing countries

　　【答案】C。主旨題。整個文段都是在分析一篇報導，即發展中國家脫貧迅速，并分析了幾大原因，因此答案選C。A項：“討論發展中國家起重要作用的原因”，原文只是解釋了發展中國家在脫貧方面起重大作用的原因，偷換概念，排除;B項：“闡明脫貧理論”，“理論”原文沒有提及，排除;D項：“詮釋發展中國家貿易角色”，“貿易”只是原文一部分內容，不能概括全文;故答案選C。

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