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　　Business has slowed, layoffs mount, but executive pay continues to roar at least so far. Business Week's annual survey finds that chief executive officers (CEOs) at 365 of the largest US companies got compensation last year averaging $3.1 million up l.3 percent from 1994.

　　Why are the top bosses getting an estimated 485 times the pay of a typical factory worker? That is up from 475 times in 1999 and a mere 42 times in 1980. One reason may be what experts call the “Lake Wobegon effect”. Corporate boards tend to reckon that “all CEOs are above average”-a play on Garrison Keillor's famous line in his public radio show, A Prairie Home Companion, that all the town's children are “above average”. Consultants provide boards with surveys of corporate CEO compensation. Since directors are reluctant to regard their CEOs as below average, the compensation committees of boards tend to set pay at an above-average level. The result: pay levels get ratcheted up.

　　Defenders of lavish CEO pay argue there is such a strong demand for experienced CEOs that the free market forces their pay up. They further maintain most boards structure pay packages to reflect an executive's performance. They get paid more if their companies and their stock do well, so companies with high-paid CEOs generate great wealth for their shareholders.

　　But the supposed cream-of-the-crop executives did surprisingly poorly for their shareholders in1999, says Scott Klinger, an author of this report by a Boston-based Organization United for a Fair Economy. If an investor had put $10,000 apiece at the end of 1999 into the stock of those companies with the 10 highest-paid CEOs, by year-end 2000 the investment would have shrunk to $8.132. If $10,000 had been put into the Standard &: Poor's 500 stocks, it would have been worth $9,090. To Mr. Klinger, these findings suggest that the theory that one person, the CEO, is responsible for creating most of a corporation's value is dead wrong. "It takes many employees to make a corporation profitable."

　　With profits down, corporate boards may make more effort to tame executive compensation. And executives are making greater efforts to avoid pay cut. Since CEOs, seeing their options “under water” or worthless because of falling stock prices, are seeking more pay in cash or in restricted stock.

　　1.Which of the following statements is true about Garrison Keillor? ( )

　　A. His idea on the CEOs was recognized by corporate boards.

　　B. One of his lines had been modified to describe the CEOs.

　　C. His play pointed out that “all CEOs are above average”.

　　D. His radio program aroused the “Lake Wobegon effect”.

　　【答案】B。是非題。由原文第二段Corporate boards tend to reckon that ‘all CEOs are above average’ - a play on Garrison Keillor's famous line in his public radio show, A Prairie Home Companion, that all the town’s children are “above average可知，Garrison Keillor的臺詞“above average”被引用來描述CEO所以B正確，A項，文中未提及;C項：Keillor只是指出鎮上所有的孩子都是高人一等的，并未提到CEO。故選項B為本題答案。由第二段One reason may be what experts call the “Lake Wobegon effect”可知，“瓦伯格湖效應”是專家提出來的，不是Keillor。故本題選B。

　　2.According to the second paragraph, CEOs' pay keeps soaring mainly because ( ).

　　A. surveys indicate that CEOs deserve higher pay

　　B. consultants tend to believe CEOs are above average

　　C. directors' belief greatly influences the pay standard

　　D. compensation committees seldom evaluate the CEOs' ability

　　【答案】C。細節題。第二段最后兩句的Since... The result...表明這兩句之問存在著因果關系，即：“因為董事們不愿意承認他們的首席執行官是平均水平之下，董事會的薪酬委員會就會把他們的薪酬定在平均水平之上。結果就是，首席執行官得到的薪酬節節上升。”，由此可推斷CEOs報酬不斷上漲主要是因為受到董事們的想法的影響，故選C：董事們的想法對薪酬標準影響很大。A項，調查并未顯示CEO值得更高的薪酬;B項，顧問只提供調查結果，并未發表個人對CEO薪酬的看法;D在原文中找不到依據，故本題答案為C。

　　3.Scott Klinger most probably tends to agree that ( ).

　　A. most people lose money in the investment into the stocks

　　B. the CEOs performance can't be reflected by the value of stocks

　　C. the CEOs are not the only factor that prospers a corporation

　　D. the pay of the CEOs greatly influences the profit of' a company

　　【答案】C。細節題。由原文第四段To Mr. Klinger, these findings suggest that the theory that one person, the CEO, is responsible for creating most of a corporation's value is dead wrong. "It takes many employees to make a corporation profitable可知，選項C：“CEO并不是使公司發展壯大的唯一因素。”符合Klinger對CEOs的看法，因此選項C為本題答案。ABD都不是Scott Klinger的觀點，都無法在原文中找到依據。故本題選C。

　　4.“Cream-of-the-crop” is closest in meaning to ( ).

　　A. competent

　　B. courageous

　　C. disappointing

　　D. hard-working

　　【答案】A。含義題。從原文第四段首句中cream-of-the-crop之前的supposed以及But，did surprisingly poorly可以推斷cream-of-the-crop與poor的意思相反，而該段主要討論CEO的能力，因此cream-of-the-crop應表示CEOs被認為“能力卓越”，因此選項A為本題答案。B項：“令人鼓舞的”;C項：“令人失望的”;D項：“工作努力的”在原文均未體現。故本題選A。

　　5.Which of the following is the biggest concern of the corporate boards?( )

　　A. The free market.

　　B. The CEOs’ performance.

　　C. The corporations' profit.

　　D. The CEOs’ pay.

　　【答案】C。原文末段首句表明董事會關心的是利潤，其他任何因素都與利潤掛鉤，因此選項C為本題答案。A項：“自由市場”;B項：“CEO的績效”;D項：“CEO的薪酬”;ABD都不是董事會最關心的。故本題選C。

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