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　　Passage 1

　　Racial minorities, and African Americans in particular, face a whole host of disadvantages that are unique to their situation. Blacks, for instance, are least likely to hold substantial wealth and have access to decent schools, and more likely to live in poor neighborhoods with few services. They have worst health outcomes than their white counterparts, and face discrimination in housing and labor markets.

　　And over the last year, there have been high-profile(備受矚目的)examples of the pervasive social problems faced by blacks, from unfair enforcement of drug laws to the deadly consequences of implicit bias.

　　In other words, if you were to survey Americans on their hopes for the future, no one would be surprised by wide black pessimism.

　　But that pessimism doesn't exist. Indeed, according to the latest Gallup poll on the nation's current standing, African Americans--and other minorities--are among the most optimistic people in the country.

　　As of this month, 57% of nonwhites say that the country's standing looks good, compared to 33% of whites. What's more, nonwhites consistently show higher levels of optimism for the future than their white

　　counterparts.

　　This isn't hard to explain: For as much as minority communities continue to face tough challenges, they aren't as severe as they were in the past; for many African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans, conditions have improved on a steady trajectory(發展軌道). This, it seems, is reason enough for optimism.

　　That is to say, according to a study from the Pew Research Center, Hispanics(拉丁裔美國人)--for instance---are more likely than the general public to show commitment to the idea that hard work brings success. 75% say that most people can get ahead if they are willing to work hard, compared to 58% for Americans.

　　As for white Americans? It wouldn't be wise to generalize about the views of every white person in the country, but if I had to speculate, I'd say it's the economy--it's hard to stay hopeful when you're met with stagnant conditions and economic pain. And that's especially true when--in your perceived past—things were better: jobs were easy to come by, and no one had to worry about losing their home or their property.

　　Yes, it's certainly true that--for a subset of whites--pessimism on the country's future is tied to cultural anxiety--the U.S. is more diverse than it's ever been, there's no going back, and for the many white Americans who see the country as theirs, this is disturbing.

　　But broadly speaking, if minorities and whites have different views of America's future, it's because--in some sense--they see themselves on different trajectories.

　　1.What disadvantage are blacks more likely to face in the U.S.? ( )

　　A. To have poor neighbors.

　　B. To suffer from mental health problems.

　　C. To experience economic pain.

　　D. To be treated unfairly when looking for a job

　　【答案】D。細節題。第一段指出少數種族在美國面臨的各種不利形勢，其中包括在就業市場受歧視。故選D。A項：“有貧窮的鄰居”;B項：“患有心理健康問題”;C項：“經受經濟創痛”。

　　2.What can we infer from the third paragraph? ( )

　　A. The author assumes that all Americans are pessimistic for the future.

　　B. People assume that bad situations would lead to pessimism.

　　C. The author assumes that Americans have different hopes for the future.

　　D. People assume that blacks are optimistic by nature.

　　【答案】B。是非題。作者在第三段指出沒人會因為黑人的悲觀態度而感到驚訝，也就是說黑人因為不好的處境而感到悲觀，這屬于人之常情。故選B。A項：“作者認為所有的美國人都對未來很悲觀”;C項：“作者認為美國人對未來有不同的期望”;D項：“人們認為黑人天性樂觀”。

　　3.Why are racial minorities more optimistic for the future? ( )

　　A. They no longer worry about losing their property.

　　B. The U.S. is believed to have a good standing.

　　C. Their conditions are changing in an upward direction.

　　D. They think that they can achieve success if they are willing to.

　　【答案】C。細節題。第六段指出少數族群樂觀態度的原因，即他們現在所面臨的挑戰并不比過去更加嚴峻，而且一些人認為狀況正得到改善。故選C。A項：“他們不再擔心失去他們的財產”;B項：“美國被認為有良好的地位”;D項：“他們認為他們只要愿意，就能獲得成功”。

　　4.What does the author take as one reason for whites' being less optimistic? ( )

　　A. The economic conditions become worse than before.

　　B. They always believe that the past was better.

　　C. They cannot consistently keep optimistic

　　D. They have to face the same challenges with nonwhites.

　　【答案】A。細節題。第八段指出了白人感到悲觀的一個原因，即經濟形勢不好，而且這種狀況在和過去對比時更加明顯。故選A。B項：“他們總是認為過去是更好的”;C項：“他們不能始終保持樂觀”;D項：“他們要不得不面對與非白種人同樣的挑戰”。

　　5.What does the underlined “this” (Line 3, Paragraph 9 ) refer to ( ).

　　A. Racial diversity.

　　B. Cultural anxiety.

　　C. Pessimism for the future.

　　D. A subset of whites.

　　【答案】A。含義題。第九段指出白人感到悲觀的另一個原因：文化焦慮。讓具有本土觀念的美美國人感到不安的是不可改變的種族多樣性。故選A。B項：“文化焦慮”;C項：“對未來的悲觀情緒”;D項：“一部分白人”。

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