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　　The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.

　　As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today’s relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.

　　For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor people are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.

　　Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation, they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job. Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.

　　At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways. First, if the national economy grows, businesses and industries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line. Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.

　　Finally, if the government distributes society’s income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.

　　Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.

　　1. The author’s main purpose to write this article is ( ).

　　A. to define what the poverty line is

　　B. to explain why some people live the poverty line

　　C. to find solutions to the problem of poverty

　　D. to show sympathy for those poor people

　　【答案】C。主旨題。通過閱讀文章發現首段就介紹了什么是貧困線，但是在文章倒數第三段就開始著重講述如何緩解貧窮。由此可知答案選C。

　　2. Which of the following is NOT true? ( )

　　A. Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life.

　　B. Poor people are those who live below the poverty line.

　　C. The poverty line rises as the general standard of living rises.

　　D. The poverty line tends to be at the same level.

　　【答案】D。是非題。根據第二段的第二行about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line.可知選項A正確;根據文章的第一段People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor.可知選項B正確;根據第二段首句As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too可知選項C正確;同樣根據這句話可以判定選項D錯誤。故正確答案是選項D。

　　3. More than 40 percent of the poor people are children. This is mainly because ( ).

　　A. they do not have enough motivation

　　B. they are so young that they don’t have the right to work

　　C. they fail to get enough education

　　D. they are very poor in health

　　【答案】B。根據題干關鍵詞40%定位至文章的第三段Over 40 percent of the poor people are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries.可知按法律規定，年齡還不到16歲的人不能工作，因此可以推出是因為他們年紀太小。故正確答案是選項B。

　　4. Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment because ( ).

　　A. they do not have any motivation to work

　　B. they are not very self-confident

　　C. they are too young or too old to work

　　D. they have physical and family problems

　　【答案】C。根據原文第三段more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work，作者后面具體解釋兩個方面的原因，一是Over 40 percent of the poor people are children(40%以上的貧民是小孩);二是A large number of poor people are old(大部分貧民年齡大)。據此可以推出，多數美國貧民無法就業的原因是要么年紀太小，要么太大。所以正確答案是選項C。

　　5. We may concluded from the passage that ( ).

　　A. better solutions to the poverty problem are not yet found

　　B. welfare will enable them to be rich

　　C. poor people are sure to go out of the poverty line if they have chances to do business

　　D. employment is the best solution to the poverty problem

　　【答案】A。推斷題。根據最后一段可以看出：一些經濟學家正在尋找關于解決貧困問題的更好的解決方案。但是到目前為止，仍然有許多人只能依靠國家福利來滿足最低生活水平。由此可知正確答案是選項A。

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