ACCA(PM)科目高頻考點講解:增量預算和零基預算
2022-02-16 06:18 廣東人事考試網 來源:廣東華圖教育
在ACCA考試中,預算一直作為一個高頻考點出現在PM(F5)科目試卷里,并且不少同學都會在這個考點上丟分,接下來,小編就為大家著重詳解這個高頻考點內容,希望有所幫助。
在學習預算系統的時候,我們需要掌握的內容包含以下三點:① Steps of the budgeting system;② Applied conditions;③ Pros & Cons.
那么下面我們來看一下這兩個預算系統的具體內容吧~
Incremental budgeting
Steps
大家不需要把定義背出來,只需要記住下面這個公式然后看公式說話就行~
Previous/past data 土 = This year’s budget
An incremental budgeting is starting from the previous period’s budget or actual results and then adding or subtracting an incremental amount to get this year’s budget.
Applied conditions
Stable businesses; The current operations are effective,efficient and economic; Certain costs such as staff salaries.
Pros & Cons
Pros(萬精油):Quick and easy; Time saving.
Cons(重點掌握)
Builds on previous information; Encourage budget slack; Lack of business scrutiny.
Zero-based budgeting
Steps
Zero based budgeting requires each cost element to be specifically justified. The budget starts from zero and the activities are being undertaken for the first time.
Define the activities to be evaluated(decision packages——mutually exclusive & incremental)確定決策包;Evaluate and rank the activities評估和排序;Allocate resources分配資源。
大家別看這三個步驟只是簡單的幾個單詞,2015年6月份的真題就這個知識點考察了三分。
Applied conditions
Non-profit-making and service organizations; Discretionary cost占比較大的企業
Pros & Cons
Pros:Remove insufficient and obsolete operations; Increased staffs involved at all levels; Responds to changes in business environment.
Cons:Focuses on short term benefits; Requires high management skills; Time consuming; Ranking can be difficult.
這里列出的優缺點只是general的,在做題的時候還需要根據題目給出的具體情況來分析對于這家公司某種預算系統適用與否。
真題精講
聽了以上的講解,相信大家對于這兩種預算方法都有了更深入的了解,那么下面我們來看一道真題(2016 December)
Which TWO of the following statements regarding zero based budgeting are correct?
A. It is best applied to support expenses rather than to direct costs
B. It can link strategic goals to specific functional areas
C. It carries forward inefficiencies from previous budget periods
D. It is consistent with a top-down budgeting approach
答案:AB
解析:A:support expense屬于discretionary cost,ZBB不適用于生產制造型企業,A正確。B:ZBB是從0開始的,所有活動都當做是第一次發生,所以能夠把戰略目標跟具體的舉措聯系起來,B正確。C:描述的是incremental budgeting的特點。D:由于是從0開始,所以只有上級的投入不夠,需要各個等級工作人員的參與,因此D錯誤。
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